【中英文珍藏版】赛里木湖解说词-新疆伊犁旅游

编辑：香氏丽莎
翻译：Joseph Chan
新疆伊犁和平国际旅行社
赛里木湖（Sagram Lake）
我们马上就要到赛里木湖了，请大家带好物品准备下车┈┈大家灿烂的笑容告诉我，一路的美景早就冲刷了路途的疲惫，现在呈现在我们面前的这面明镜，便是我们神秘古老的高山湖泊“赛里木湖”，也称为“西方净海”，赛里木湖蒙古语称：“赛里木卓尔”，意为“山脊梁上的湖泊”陆昱颉。“赛里木”哈萨克语意是“祝愿”。当地的汉人又称其为“三台海子”，因清代在这设“三台”而得名。
We will reach Sagram Lake soon, please take the necessary things wtih you when you get off from the car. Your bright smiles tell me, that your tirenesses were lessened by seeing the beautiful sceneries on the way.
Now, this clear mirror appears before us is the mysterious and ancient 'Sagram Lake', also called the 'Clear West Sea'.In Mongolian term it is called 'Sagram (Drow)', meaning 'Lake on mountain ridge'; while in Kazhak 'Sagram' means 'Wishing'. The local Chinese call it'Sea of three stations', because the Qing government once set up 'The third army station' here.

值得大家注意的是它是新疆天山山脉中海拔最高、面积最大的湖泊。整个湖呈卵圆形，东西20公里，南北30公里，水域面积457平方公里，最深处90米，蓄水总量210亿立方米，海拔2073米陈超波 。
One thing to note is, this lake is the largest one that has the highest altitude above sea level (2,073 meters) in theTian Shan Mountains in Xinjiang. The whole lake is oval in shape, the span from east to west is 20 kilometers, while that from north to south is 30 kilometers.Its water cover an area of 457 square kilometers, the deepest part is 90meters, and the total water capacity is 210 billion cubic meters (by American measure)

如此美丽的湖泊是怎样形成的呢？也许是人们太偏爱它，也许人们至今对这个湖抱有神秘感，才为它编织了那么多神奇的传说。
How did such a beautiful lake formed?Maybe because people are too fond of it, still today they have some mystic feelings towards it, and weave many wonderful legends together about this Sagram Lake.

相传，很久以前，这里有位美丽、聪慧的蒙古族姑娘和英俊潇洒的牧马青年深深相恋。有一天枪挑三国 ，姑娘赶着羊群放牧，不幸与外游的草原魔王相遇，被抓到魔宫做他的妃子，姑娘不畏强暴，更没有为宫里的荣华富贵动心，誓死不从，乘人不备便策马逃跑，后面的敌人紧追不放，眼看就要被追上，她突然发现一个望不见底的深潭，于是纵身跳了进去，当牧马青年闻讯赶到，悲怆地呼唤着姑娘的名字时，无人回应，也一头扎进了深潭，此时潭水顿时黑浪滔天，淹没了魔宫。辽阔的草原从此变成了汪洋的湖泊，这对恋人在湖中相遇并携手游向湖心，筑起了自己爱情的宫殿，因为有神人相助，无论谁去打扰或驾舟，均将葬身湖心。
Long long times ago, there was abeautiful and wise Mongolian girl who was in love with a handsome and smartshepherd young man. One day, when the girl was herding the sheep, unfortunatelyshe met the wandering grassland devil, and was taken to the devil's palace tobe his concubine. She did not afraid of brutal forces, and did not yield underthe attractions of riches and honour, andrun away with a horse when people were not watching. The enemies kept onchasing after her, and it seemed that she would be caught very soon ......suddenly she saw a very deep pond of water, and she instantly jumped into it!
When the young man heard about this andrun to the deep pond, he called her name in much grieve, and no one gave ananswer. He then jumped into the lake too, and immediately huge black waves rosefrom the pond, and water covered up the devil's palace in whole! The broadgrassland was turned into a wide lake, and the lovers met each other in the lake, and they swam hand in hand to thelake center.
They built their palace of love there,and whoever wanted to disturb them or took a boat to them would be drowned inthe center of the lake, because the heavenly beings were helping them all the time.

湖中确有小岛，与湖同生，湖中也的确有险情，无人敢驾舟前往。经科学家研究，湖心有一巨大的磁体，并非爱情之宫。神话虽然美丽动人，终究是神话，其实它的行(形?)成，可以追溯到人类社会还没有诞生的洪荒时代。大约在七千万年以前，地球上曾发生了一次惊天动地的大变动。雄伟壮丽的喜马拉雅山经过及其剧烈的地壳运动后，从茫茫苦海中拔地而起，它的主峰珠穆朗玛峰后来居上巴拿马海峡 ，成为世界第一高峰，与此同时，地球上许多大海被高山所代替，一些沼泽和平原则陷落成平地和湖泊，这次运动在地质学上程“喜马拉雅造山运动”。赛里木湖就是在这次运动中形成的。被地质界称为“地堑湖”。
There is indeed an small island in thelake, which appeared together with it; and there is also danger inside SagramLake, so no one is dare to ride a boat to the center. Scientists have foundout, that there is a giant magnetic body in the center, so it is not a 'palaceof love' - though the legend was charming, it is a fairy tale!
In fact, the formation of this lake took place in the pre-historic times when human society was not yet existed. About70 million years ago, a movement ofunequal scale happened on the earth, and after violent moves of the earthcrust, the magnificient Himalayas Mountains rose up sharply from the endlesslystreching sea, whose highest peak, the Qomolangma Peak, rose to be the highestmountain peak in the world! At the same time, many great seas in the earth weresuperceded by high mountains, and some swamps and plains were collapsed tobecome lowlands and lakes. In geological term, this movement was called'Himalayas mountain building movement'. Sagram Lake was formed during this movement, and geologists called this kind of lakes 'Fault trough lakes'.

赛里木湖的水源主要来自于雪山融水，但据专家测定，近50年来，赛里木湖的水位基本没有变化，大家想想，有水注入监狱大亨4 ，无水流出，而水位又没有变化，这注入的水到底流到哪里去了呢？有人说此湖水底有条水通道和外界相连，究竟是怎么回事，正在探索当中。
The water source of this lake mainlycomes from melted snow. However, experts estimated that the water level of thelake has remained unchanged in 50 years. Let us think for a while: water comesin and no water flows out, where did the in-coming water gone? Someoneconjectured that at the bottom of the lake there should be a water way toconnect the outside world, still scientists are investigating the matter ......

赛里木湖给人最突出的印象就是它的“蓝”象天凝重，似海。却比(海)还透明，其实“蓝”也并非是它的本色，待会儿大家把湖水捧在手里便会发现，湖水是无色透明的。赛里木湖一天的景色各不相同，太阳出来之前它灰蒙蒙的一片，太阳升起时，湖面上会金光闪烁。湖的颜色也会随着天气的变化彪悍少年 ，由浅蓝变成蔚蓝。最终蓝成一片。除了“蓝”它还有一个重要的特征，那就是“清澈”。
The greatest impression this lake givespeople is its 'blueness', blue like the sky, or blue like the sea, but moretransparent than them. In fact, 'blueness' is not the nature of this lake, whenyou are to hold the lake water in your hands later, you will discover that itis colorless and clear.
The scenes of this lake changes in a day:before the sun rises up, it is greyish as a piece; when the sun comes out阿赫瓦里,golden rays are reflected and seen blinking on the surface. Also the color ofthe lake changes with weather, from light-bluish to sky-blue, and finally a bigpiece of 'blue'. So, 'blueness' is its characteristic, and another is'clearness'.

这主要是因为湖盆周围的山地，均由中生代岩层组成，其中有不少地方有石灰岩出露，许多的潜水[??]，和裂隙融入大量的碳酸钙，而碳酸又有净化水的作用，因此，湖水特别晶蓝清澈。大家看到那么清澈的水一定要忍不住喝上几口，可此湖不是淡水湖，不适合饮用陈迪生 。湖水的含盐量少，每杯水的含盐2.5-3克，属于微咸湖。在离岸200-300米内，由于湖周围有较淡的潜水[??]注入，浮于湖水上层，因此牛羊还是能饮用的。
This characteristic of 'clearness' iseffected by the surrounding mountains, which are consisted of rocks in theMesozoic period. In many places limestone crop out, and there are greatquantities of calcium carbonate dissolved in (sub-surface water) and clevages. Carbonate make the water clear健一公馆,so the lake water is particularly clear and blue.
Maybe you are tempted to drink the waterthat is so clear, but this is not a fresh water lake, so is not suitable fordrinking. The lake water has a little saltiness, about 2.5 to 3 grams of saltin a normal cup, so it is a lake of slight saltiness.
However, 200 to 300 meters from itsshore, there are fresher (sub-surface) water coming in, and is flowing on theupper layer of the lake, so cows and horses can drink from it.

整个湖一眼望去，似乎没有远古遗迹的踪影，其实过去赛里木湖畔上有许多古墓和寺庙。
在赛里木湖湖畔及松树头的山坡上，约有60多座古墓葬。墓葬在外观上可分为三种类型：一种是土墩墓，集中在湖畔，它的特点是坟堆较大，一般高4-5米，第二种是“石堆墓”，第三种是石堆石圈墓，这两种类型的墓葬面积较小，多为众聚(?)。据考古发现，这几种类型的墓葬时代大致在春秋战国时代。
由于赛里木湖是古丝路北道的必经之路，古人为祈求平安，曾在湖的西岸松树头下建造了靖海寺，也称“龙王庙”，可惜这些寺庙至今都荡然无存。
When we look across the whole lake, notraces of relics can be seen. However, there wee many tombs and temples on thelake shore in the past.
There are about 60 tombs on the side ofthe lake and on the slopes of Head Pine Trees, and by appearances they can be classified intothree groups: the first group is 'Mound tombs', found at the lake side; theirfeature is their burial mounds arelarger, and has a height of 4 to 5 meters; the second group is 'Rubbletombs', and the third is 'Rubble stone circle tombs'. These two latter groupsare having smaller tomb area, and mainly (found in groups). From archeologicalstudies, these tombs came into existance at about the 'Spring and Autumn' and Warring States periods.
To pray for peace, people in old timeshad built the Jinghai Temple ('Calm the Sea Temple') at the Head Pine Trees onthe west bank of the lake, and this temple was also called 'Dragon King Temple'. However, temples here are now disppeared.

在这块绿草成荫，牛羊成群的湖畔上，自古以来就是优良的夏季牧场，也是远征将士，骆驼商队，由天山北路的丝绸之道进入伊犁河谷，东去长安、洛阳，西去波斯，罗马的必经地。千百年来，过往此地的文人墨客留下了不少记载，可我翻阅了这些资料时，确有惊人的相似之处，那就是“湖中死水一潭，没有鱼虾、没有水鸟，更没有渔歌互答的景象┈”。但我们现在所看见的，所听到的却是另一番景象。
On the lake shore, chunks of greenish grasses and groups of cows and horses are found, and it is a good summerpasture land since times of old. This place is also a land that must be passedby soldiers on a long mission and merchants groups on camels, when they wentfrom the northern route of Tian Shan into Yili River Valley, or from Chang'anCity and Luoyang City to go west to Persia and Rome.
For hundreds of years, many literary menleft their records when they passed through this land, but, when we read theirdescriptions, there came a striking similarity: "The water is 'dead',without fish and shrimps, without any water bird, and without the scene offishermen exchanging songs ......" However, what we can see and hear nowis a different scene!

到底是什么原因会使死水一潭的赛湖变成现在这番景象呢？经科学工作者调查和湖水化学成份的分析，赛里木湖的湖水对鱼的生存没有毒害，湖中有不少的水草和浮游动物是鱼类的天然饲料，而且夏季的水温也适合冷水鱼类的繁殖。过去没有鱼，主要是因为赛湖是一个与外隔绝的闭塞湖，鱼类没有机会进入湖中。
So how did the 'dead' lake become alively one as it is today? Through the researches of scientists and analysis ofthe chemical composition of the water, the water does not harm the lives offish, and the reeds and zooplankton are natural food for fishes, and the summertemperature is suitable for breeding of fishes too. The reason why there are nofish in the past, is mainly because Sagram Lake is a landlocked lake that wastotally separated from the outside world, and so fishes could not enter intothe lake water.

当然，这也只是对其的一种说法，究竟为何无鱼，至今也无确切答案。后来水产部门引进鱼苗作试验取得成功，1990年，从俄罗斯进口“高白鲑”、“灰白鲑”，形成养鱼基地，那些不知名的水鸟没等发出“请柬”也闻讯而来，使赛里木湖一年比一年热闹。
And, of course, this is only one of thepropositons for the 'deadliness' of the lake, and why it was without fish isstill an open question.
Later on, the Ministry of Aquacultureintroduced fish fry into the water to experiment with the possibility ofbreeding fishes there, and it was a success! In 1990, the Ministry bought'High-white salmon' and gray salmon from Russia and put them into the lake, andfish breeding grounds were established. Then,彭菲茗 many water birds of various names came without receiving 'invitation', making the lake nosier and nosier year after year.

赛里木湖边的山坡上有丰富的动植物资源，其中珍稀植物有46种之多，如天山云松、雪莲、党参等。而珍稀动物有50多种，如雪豹、盘羊。每年七月中旬，这里还会举行“那达慕盛会。”它是蒙古族的传统盛会。“那达慕”蒙语译为“游戏”、“娱乐”。起源于古代祭敖包，相传是汉代王昭君出塞时东方商人 ，草原人民欢迎她的盛大活动。其中“赛马”、“摔跤”、“射箭”俗称“男子三项那达慕”后来，有逐渐有了歌舞、下棋等活动。我的讲解在这里暂时告一段落，剩下的时间，大家自由活动，但不要忘记上车时间┈
There are plenty of animals and plants on the slopes around Sagram Lake, and 46 scarce plants are found, like Tian Shancloud pines, snow lotus and dangshen (codonopsis); and snow leopards and argaliare seen here too.
On the second section of the month ofJuly every year, 'Nadamu' (Nadam) is held here. This is a traditional greatfeast of the Mongolians. 'Nadamu' in the Mongolian language means 'Games' or'Amusements'. It is originated from 'Obo festive activities' in times past, andit was told that it was a series of activities for grassland people to welcomeWang
Zhaojun (a palace lady) of the HanDynasty to go outside central China into the grassland (to marry a Hunchieftain). Among the activities, the 'Horse racing', 'Wrestling' and 'Archery'are usually called 'The three male nadamu'. Later came activities like dancingand chess playing.
My talk should stop for a while, our dearguests can have free time now. Please don't forget the time to get on the car!


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